Rule regarding postal ballot specifically provides for passing of resolution under section 180(1)(a) by way of postal ballot only, then why many listed companies are passing the same in the annual general meetings, is there any exception available to that??

If the Board of Directors of the Company borrowed money and mortgaged its properties in excess of its paid up capital and free reserves, then can company subsequently in general meeting ratify the borrowing so made and properties so mortgaged before passing of special resolution u/s. 180 (1)(c) and 180 (1)(a) of the Companies Act, 2013 or is there any violation of the act.

can a resolution of borrowing power be passed by postal ballot

Whether unsecured loan taken by private limited from its Directors covered under section 180(1)(c) of the Companies Act, 2013 i.e. borrowing in excess of paid up capital and free reserve and if yes, is it necessary to pass a Special Resolution before obtaining unsecured loan from directors after 11.09.2014

Section 180(1)(c) applicable to Section 8 companies? This Section is not applicable to private companies and Section 8 company (Class:private) is eligible for privileges given to limited companies. MCA has not given any specific exemption as given under July 2015 notification. please suggest.

Dear Concern, Kindly confirm section 180 of the Co.Act 2013 which says aggregate of paid up capital and free reserves(if reserves are in negative then how to treat) For eg. If paid up capital is 100Cr and free reserves -60 cr then for section 180 Will it be 100 or 40(act defines Free reserves as amount available for appropriation)